An IP address is the fundamental identifier that makes internet communication possible. Here is everything you need to know.
Every device connected to the internet needs a way to be identified. An IP address is that identifier. It is a number that tells the internet where to send data. Without IP addresses, the internet would not work.
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses like 196.214.78.33 — about 4.3 billion unique addresses, which we have now run out of.
IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses like 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334 — 340 undecillion addresses, more than enough for the future.
IP addresses are managed by IANA and distributed through Regional Internet Registries. In Africa, addresses are allocated by AFRINIC. Your ISP assigns you an IP when you connect.
Changes each time you reconnect. Most home users have dynamic IPs. Cheaper for ISPs. Sufficient for browsing and streaming.
Never changes. Used by servers and businesses. Usually costs extra. Essential for hosting websites or remote access.
Your IP address is visible to every website you visit. Under South Africa's POPIA and the EU's GDPR, IP addresses are personal data. Websites must handle your IP responsibly and obtain consent before collecting it.
Related: IP Address FAQ | How to Find Your IP